Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Enterococcus species in the mouth of adults with periodontal health and periodontitis. A systematic search was made in databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The search for articles was conducted in Medline/PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science databases and in the System of Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SINGLE) and included articles published in English up to April 25th, 2021. Observational studies in humans with and without periodontitis were evaluated to identify the prevalence of Enterococcus species. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and classified to determine the quality rating in good, fair, and poor. A new detailed checklist for quality assessment was developed based on the information required for applicable data extraction in reviews. The study design, sample size, demographic data, periodontal clinical parameters, microbial analysis method, biological sample, prevalence of Enterococcus spp., and correlations with periodontal clinical parameters were assessed. After screening and full-text reading, 8 articles met the inclusion criteria. All selected studies showed a significantly higher prevalence of Enterococcus spp. in patients with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy patients. Thus, the present systematic review suggests that the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in the mouth of periodontitis individuals is higher than that of periodontally healthy individuals.

RESUMO Massas alimentícias são geralmente formuladas a base de farinha de trigo, sendo que a inserção de outras matérias-primas vegetais, como o fruto pequi, pode proporcionar incremento de valor nutricional, características tecnológicas e sensoriais diferenciadas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi produzir massas alimentícias com diferentes substituições da farinha de trigo por farinha da polpa de pequi, determinar a sua composição centesimal e avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas e sensoriais das massas elaboradas. As massas alimentícias foram produzidas com substituições de 5%, 10% e 15% da farinha de trigo pela farinha da polpa de pequi, além do grupo controle. Foram realizadas análises tecnológicas (tempo de cozimento, expansão de volume, absorção de água, perda de sólidos solúveis, diferença de cor e cromaticidade), análises químicas (umidade, cinzas, lipídios, proteínas e carboidratos totais) e testes sensoriais (aceitação e intenção de consumo). Os principais resultados mostrados foram que a farinha de pequi promoveu expansão no volume e na absorção de água no produto; massas cruas e coccionadas apresentaram cores mais intensas; incrementou-se os teores de umidade, cinzas e lipídios pelo uso da farinha de pequi; e as notas dos testes sensoriais das amostras com pequi foram elevadas em relação às amostras controle, sendo as formulações com maiores teores de substituição de farinha de pequi as melhores avaliadas. Conclui-se que, as massas alimentícias com farinha de pequi são produtos promissores para a indústria alimentícia.

ABSTRACT Pasta products are generally formulated based on wheat flour, and the insertion of other vegetable raw materials, such as pequi fruit, can provide increased nutritional value, along with differentiated technological and sensory characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to produce pasta with different levels of substitution of wheat flour with pequi pulp flour, to determine its proximate composition and to evaluate its technological and sensory properties. Pastas were produced with 5%, 10% and 15% of wheat flour being substituted by pequi pulp flour, and there was also a control group. Technological analyses (cooking time, volume expansion, water absorption, cooking loss, color difference and chromaticity), chemical analyses (moisture, ash, lipids, proteins and total carbohydrates) and sensory tests (acceptance and intention consumption) were carried out. The main results showed that pequi flour promoted an expansion in volume and water absorption in the product; raw and cooked pasta had more intense colors; moisture, ash and lipid content was increased by using pequi flour; and the sensory test scores for the samples with pequi were high in relation to the control samples, with the formulations with the highest content of pequi flour being the best evaluated. It is concluded that the pastas with pequi flour are promising products for the food industry.

This study evaluates the antimicrobial susceptibility and composition of subgingival biofilms in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) patients treated using mechanical/antimicrobial therapies, including chlorhexidine (CHX), amoxicillin (AMX) and metronidazole (MET). GAP patients allocated to the placebo (C, n = 15) or test group (T, n = 16) received full-mouth disinfection with CHX, scaling and root planning, and systemic AMX (500 mg)/MET (250 mg) or placebos. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-therapy from 3–4 periodontal pockets, and the samples were pooled and cultivated under anaerobic conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AMX, MET and CHX were assessed using the microdilution method. Bacterial species present in the cultivated biofilm were identified by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. At baseline, no differences in the MICs between groups were observed for the 3 antimicrobials. In the T group, significant increases in the MICs of CHX (p < 0.05) and AMX (p < 0.01) were detected during the first 3 months; however, the MIC of MET decreased at 12 months (p < 0.05). For several species, the MICs significantly changed over time in both groups, i.e., Streptococci MICs tended to increase, while for several periodontal pathogens, the MICs diminished. A transitory increase in the MIC of the subgingival biofilm to AMX and CHX was observed in GAP patients treated using enhanced mechanical therapy with topical CHX and systemic AMX/MET. Both protocols presented limited effects on the cultivable subgingival microbiota.

P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. are important pathogens associated with late nosocomial pneumonia in hospitalized and institutionalized individuals. The oral cavity may be a major source of these respiratory pathogens, particularly in the presence of poor oral hygiene and periodontal infection. This study investigated the prevalence of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. in subgingival biofilm and saliva of subjects with periodontal disease or health. Samples were obtained from 55 periodontally healthy (PH) and 169 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. DNA was obtained from the samples and detection of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. was carried out by multiplex and nested PCR. P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. were detected in 40% and 45% of all samples, respectively. No significant differences in the distribution of these microorganisms between men and women, subgingival biofilm and saliva samples, patients < 35 and > 35 years of age, and smokers and non-smokers were observed regardless periodontal status (p > 0.05). In contrast, the frequencies of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. in saliva and biofilm samples were significantly greater in CP than PH patients (p < 0.01). Smokers presenting P. aeruginosa and high frequencies of supragingival plaque were more likely to present CP than PH. P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. are frequently detected in the oral microbiota of CP. Poor oral hygiene, smoking and the presence of P. aeruginosa are strongly associated with periodontitis.

OBJETIVO: Veredas e comunidades aquáticas e semi-aquáticas desempenham importante papel na proteção das bacias hidrográficas no Bioma Cerrado. Informações sobre efeitos de variáveis físico-químicas e da integridade do habitat nas comunidades de macroinvertebrados bentônicos têm aumentado nos anos recentes, entretanto, não há estudos avaliando a influência da urbanização nas comunidades de macroinvertebrados em córregos de veredas. Assim, ampliar o conhecimento da relação entre as variáveis abióticas e fauna bentônica é muito importante para a compreensão do funcionamento dos processos ecológicos e da integridade dos ecossistemas aquáticos. Este estudo investigou a influência de variáveis físicas e químicas nas comunidades de macroinvertebrados bentônicos ao longo de um gradiente de distúrbios antrópicos em quatro córregos de Vereda em Uberlândia (MG); um em uma área preservada e três na área urbana MÉTODOS: as amostras foram coletadas nas estações seca e chuvosa RESULTADOS: A análise de componentes principais separou o córrego da área preservada daqueles da área urbana por apresentar menores valores de DBO, DQO, tamanho do sedimento, condutividade, detergentes, pH, sólidos depositáveis e sólidos totais dissolvidos. Grupos sensíveis à poluição (e.g., Ephemeroptera e Trichoptera) foram associados ao córrego da área preservada e grupos mais tolerantes (Chironomidae e Oligochaeta) tiveram maior abundância nos córregos da área urbana. A Análise de Correspondência Canônica indicou que oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, DBO, óleos e graxas e turbidez explicaram 56% da variação na distribuição e abundância de macroinvertebrados; CONCLUSÕES: comunidades bentônicas de córregos de Vereda em áreas urbanas no Bioma Cerrado parecem ser altamente afetadas pelas atividades humanas que aumentam a poluição orgânica da água e a sedimentação.

AIM: Veredas and the aquatic and semi-aquatic communities play a key role in watershed protection in the Cerrado Biome. Information about the effects of physical and chemical variables and habitat integrity on benthic communities has been increased in recent years; however, there is no study evaluating the influence of urbanization on macroinvertebrates of Vereda streams. Thus, improving the knowledge of the relationship between abiotic properties and benthic fauna is very important for understanding the functioning of ecological processes and health of aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the influence of physical and chemical variables on benthic macroinvertebrate communities along a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance in four Vereda streams in Uberlândia (MG), one in a preserved area and three in the urban area; METHODS: samplings were collected during the dry and rainy seasons; RESULTS: principal component analysis separated the stream in the preserved area from those in the urban area by having lower values of BOD, COD, sediment size, conductivity, detergents, pH, deposited solids and total dissolved solids. Pollution sensitive groups (e.g., Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera) were associated to the stream in the preserved area, and more tolerant groups (e.g., Chironomidae and Oligochaeta) had greater abundance in the streams of the urban area. Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that dissolved oxygen, conductivity, BOD, oil and grease, and turbidity explained 56% of the variance in the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates; CONCLUSIONS: Benthic communities of Vereda streams in urban areas in the Cerrado Biome seem to be highly affected by human activities that increase water organic pollution and sedimentation.

Apesar da extensa literatura sobre a associação de bactérias orais e doenças sistêmicas, tem se dado pouca atenção à cavidade oral como um reservatório de bactérias patogênicas "não-orais". A microbiota oral é constituída de mais de 300 espécies bacterianas já caracterizadas, além de organismos não cultiváveis que vêm sendo descobertos através de técnicas moleculares. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a prevalência e os níveis de 11 bactérias patogênicas "não-orais" em sítios periodontais de pacientes com periodontite e de pacientes saudáveis, utilizando a técnica do "Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization". 200 amostras de biofilme subgengival de sítios doentes (PBS > 4mm e/ou NCI > 4mm), 200 amostras de sítios saudáveis de 14 pacientes com periodontite e 200 amostras de sítios de 3 pacientes saudáveis foram selecionadas. A prevalência (% de sítios colonizados) e os níveis de cada espécie bacteriana foram computados para cada sítio e dentro de cada grupo. Diferenças clínicas e microbiológicas entre os grupos foram avaliadas através dos testes de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon. As espécies que predominaram nas 600 amostras analisadas incluíram Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii e Escherichia coli. Em geral, a maioria das espécies estudadas foi detectada com maior freqüência e em níveis elevados nos sítios com e sem doença nos pacientes com periodontite em relação ao grupo com saúde periodontal. Em particular, C. diphtheriae, E. coli, E. faecalis, Pseudomonas. aeruginosa e S. aureus foram significantemente mais prevalentes e detectadas em maior número nos sítios doentes de pacientes com periodontite em relação aos sítios de indivíduos com saúde periodontal (p < 0,05). Sinais clínicos de doença periodontal apresentaram uma correlação positiva com as espécies A. baumannii, Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli, S. aureus e P. aeruginosa. Além disso, as espécies S. pyogenes e A. baumannii, C. diphteriae e E. faecalis,C. diphteriae e S. pyogenes, S. aureus e P. aeruginosa também demonstraram uma forte correlação positiva entre si. Bactérias patogênicas "não-orais" são detectadas em grande prevalência e altos níveis em sítios de pacientes com periodontite crônica.

The oral cavity may act as a reservoir for several pathogens related to systemic infections. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and levels of pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival biofilm of chronic periodontitis lesions and healthy periodontal sites using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. 200 samples of subgingival biofilm from sites with periodontitis (probing pocket depth > 4 mm and /or clinical attachment level > 4 mm) and 200 samples from healthy sites of 14 patients with chronic periodontitis, as well as 200 samples from 3 periodontally healthy patients were obtained. The presence and levels of 11 pathogenic bacteria were determined using whole genomic DNA probes and the checkerboard method, computed for each site and then across sites within each subject group. Significance of differences in clinical and microbiological parameters among groups were examinated using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon sign tests. The predominant species in all 600 samples included Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus,Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. In general, most of the species were detected in greater prevalence and levels in sites with and without disease from patients with periodontitis in comparison to the periodontally healthy group. In particular, C. diphtheriae, E. coli, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were significantly more prevalent and detected in higher counts in diseased sites of patients with periodontal disease compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Clinical signs of disease presented a positive correlation with the species A. baumannii, Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, "non-oral" pathogenic bacteria are detected in high prevalence and levels in periodontal sites of chronic periodontitis patients.